Religion, Ethics & Law Panel

A. Kevin Reinhart, Associate Professor (Islamic Studies), Dartmouth College

Kevin Reinhart specializes in Islamic religious studies. He was trained in the study of religion at Harvard (M.A. 1978; Ph.D. 1986) and in Middle Eastern and Arabic Studies at the University of Texas, Austin (B.A. 1974). He joined the faculty of Dartmouth in 1986. His research focuses on Islamic legal thought, primarily in the pre-modern period. His book, Before Revelation: The Boundaries of Muslim Moral Knowledge, which is a study of Islamic theories of moral knowledge, was published in 1995. He recently finished a book on the variety of Islamic practices in different locales, and currently is writing an introduction to Islamic jurisprudence. During 1995 and 1996 he was in Turkey working on Turkish language and Turkish Islam. He spent the summer of 2003 in Karbala and Najaf, Iraq doing humanitarian work.

Michael Skerker, Department of Religion, University of Chicago & DePaul University

Michael Skerker teaches religious ethics and political philosophy at DePaul University and the University of Chicago as a visiting faculty member. He was trained in the study of religion at the University of Chicago Divinity School (M.A. 1999; Ph.D. 2004) and Brown University (B.A. 1997). His research interests include moral pluralism, religion and the political order, and professional ethics. Recent research has focused on the application of just war theory to asymmetrical conflicts and has included inquiries into detainees' rights and interrogation ethics. Most recently, he has been a participant and presenter at the annual Joint Services Conference on Professional Ethics (JSCOPE).

Jonathan K. Crane, Department of Religion, University of Toronto-Canada

Jonathan Crane is an ordained rabbi of the Reform Jewish Movement who has taught political science, Jewish ethics and Gandhian thought in higher education. He currently is Connaught Graduate Fellow in the Department of Religion at the University of Toronto (2004–09) and has served as graduate programs director at Hillel, Harvard University (2003–04). He studied Jewish ethics at the University of Toronto (cand. phil.), Hebrew literature at Hebrew Union College (M.A. 2003), Gandhian thought at Gujarat Vidyapith University-India (M.Phil. 1998), international peace studies at the University of Notre Dame (M.A. 1997) and international relations at Wheaton College (B.A. 1995). He is heavily engaged in interfaith dialogue. He has presented at conferences and published in scholarly, popular, and organizational journals on Gandhian and Jewish nonviolence, social movement organizations, and religious agency in the public arena.

Marsudi Triatmodjo, Dean, Faculty of Law, Gadjah Mada University-Indonesia

Marsudi Triatmodjo is Dean of the Faculty of Law, Gadjah Mada University and a scholar of public international law. He studied law at Gadjah Mada University (S.H. 1984; Ph.D. 2001) and Dalhousie University-Canada (LL.M. 1990). He has been a researcher and teacher at leading Indonesian institutions of higher education and for the Indonesian government in the areas of public international law, the law of the sea and international environmental law. Most recently he participated in the government-sponsored drafting committee for statutory reform of Indonesian higher education, to move towards autonomous institutions of higher education.

Constitutional & Domestic Law-Individual Rights Panel

Kenneth Hurwitz, Senior Associate, U.S. Law & Security Program; International Justice Program, Human Rights First

Ken Hurwitz is a Senior Associate in both the US Law & Security Program and in the International Justice Program of Human Rights First (formerly known as the Lawyers’ Committee on Human Rights), having joined that organization in 1998.He studied at Teachers College, ColumbiaUniversity (B.A. 1975) and law at New YorkUniversity (J.D. 1985).Through both programs he has helped to assure legal accountability for serious human rights violations wherever they may occur, through work in support of the International Criminal Court, domestic litigation and other justice initiatives. Since 9/11, he has coordinated Human Rights First work on a host of key international justice issues including the proposals regarding military tribunals and the detention of alleged Taliban and al Qaeda members at GuantánamoBay. Before joining Human Rights First, he worked 1985–91 as a corporate and commercial attorney at the New York law firm Proskauer Rose LLP, and served 1991–98 as associate general counsel for a New York-based international banking and shipping group.

Geremy Kamens, Assistant Federal Public Defender, Federal Public Defender’s Office, Eastern District of Virginia

Geremy Kamens represented Yaser Esam Hamdi, one of the two American citizens imprisoned by the government without trial, as an Assistant Federal Public Defender in the Eastern District of Virginia. He studied religion and government at the College of William and Mary (B.A. 1992) and law at the University of Virginia (J.D. 1997). After law school, he clerked for Justice Henry H. Whiting of the Virginia Supreme Court and then for two years with the Honorable Harold L. Murphy, United States District Judge, Northern District of Georgia. He is a frequent public speaker on national-security related detentions and the judicial process including representation of alleged terror suspects since 9/11.

H. Wayne Elliott, former Chief, International Law Division, The Judge Advocate General’s School, Charlottesville, VA

Wayne Elliott is a Lieutenant Colonel United States Army (retired) who currently teaches at the American Military University and was formerly Chief, International Law Division at the chief training school for all U.S. Army lawyers, The Judge Advocate General’s School at Charlottesville, Virginia, a position representing the U.S. Army’s official view of the law of armed conflict. He studied political science at The Citadel (B.A. 1968) and law at the University of South Carolina (J.D. 1971), The Judge Advocate General’s School (LL.M. equivalent 1978), and the University of Virginia (LL.M. 1982; S.J.D. 1997). During his military service he also served as a legal advisor at the Pentagon and in Europe providing negotiation and implementation advice on treaties and helped develop official positions on legal questions related to U.S. armed forces overseas as well as foreign military personnel training in the United States. In these capacities, he was an official participant in international negotiations and discussions with European allies and Soviet authorities. He is the author of numerous works on the law of armed conflict, war crimes and international law as applied to military operations in both the scholarly and professional military literature.

Constitutional & Domestic Law-Structural & Institutional Panel

John H. Mansfield, Professor of Law, Harvard University

John Mansfield is the John H. Watson, Jr. Professor of Law at Harvard Law School and a scholar of the first amendment. He studied history (B.A. 1952) and law (LL.B. 1956) at Harvard University. His research interests are in the areas of comparative and constitutional law, as well as the law of evidence. Within constitutional law, his interests are chiefly in the first amendment (religion/church and state), criminal law and comparative constitutional law. In the comparative law area, he has written extensively about Indian constitutionalism and law, including the problems of balancing religion and secularism within the Indian legal system. His recent church and state work under U.S. law addresses aspects of religion both in the litigation context and as a limitation on substantive legal rules.

Robert F. Turner, Professor, University of Virginia, and co-founder, Center for National Security Law

Bob Turner teaches national security law, international law and foreign policy at the University of Virginia. He studied government at Indiana University (B.A. 1968), history and political science at Stanford University (1972–73) and government, foreign affairs and law at the University of Virginia (J.D. 1981; S.J.D. 1996).He co-founded UVa's Center for National Security Law with John Norton Moore in April 1981 and has served as its Associate Director since then except for two periods of government service in the 1980s and during 1994–95 when he occupied the Charles H. Stockton Chair of International Law at the U.S. Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island. He is a former three-term chairman of the ABA Standing Committee on Law and National Security (and from 1992–99, editor of the ABA National Security Law Report). He served in the U.S. Army in Vietnam with the MACV on detail to the U.S. Embassy as Assistant Special Projects Officer, North Vietnam/Viet Cong Affairs Division (1968–71), then as a Research Associate and Public Affairs Fellow at Stanford's Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace (1972–74), before serving as national security adviser to Senator Robert P. Griffin, a member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee (1974–79). He has also served in the Pentagon as Special Assistant to the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy (1981), in the White House as Counsel to the President's Intelligence Oversight Board (1981–83), at the State Department as Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for Legislative Affairs (1983–85), and as the first President of the congressionally-established United States Institute of Peace (1986–87).

Norman C. Bay, Assistant Professor of Law, University of New Mexico and former United States Attorney for the District of New Mexico

Norman Bay teaches criminal and international law at the University of New Mexico. He studied at Dartmouth College (B.A. 1982) and law at Harvard University (J.D. 1986), following which he clerked for Judge Otto R. Skopil, Jr., of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in Portland, Oregon. He then joined the Office of Legal Adviser at the U.S. Department of State in 1987. In 1989, he became an Assistant U.S. Attorney at the U.S. Attorney's Office in Washington, D.C., where he worked in the criminal division. In 1995, he transferred to the U.S. Attorney's Office in Albuquerque, New Mexico. In 2000, President Clinton appointed Bay U.S. Attorney for the District of New Mexico. During his Justice Department career, Bay was detailed to the Treasury Department as a Special Assistant to the Inspector General and also taught at the DOJ's National Advocacy Center on the University of South Carolina campus.

Michael Hurley, Deputy and Senior Director, 9/11 Pubic Discourse Project and Officer, Directorate of Operations, Central Intelligence Agency

Michael Hurley is a career CIA officer who began his working life as a trial attorney and specialist in appellate advocacy in private practice. He participates in the Barnes Symposium as intelligence practitioner and reform commentator rather than authority on national security law. He studied European history, political science and law at the University of Minnesota (B.A. 1977; J.D. 1980), where he was an editor of the Minnesota Law Review. He is currently the Deputy and Senior Director of the 9/11 Public Discourse Project, the follow-on organization to the 9/11 Commission. He served on the 9/11 Commission’s staff as a senior counsel and director of its counterterrorism policy investigation. His team drafted substantial portions of the policy chapters of the Commission’s final report. On 9/11 Michael Hurley volunteered to work in CIA’s Counterterrorist Center and to deploy to Afghanistan. He served three tours in Afghanistan post-9/11, leading Agency employees and Special Forces in southeastern Afghanistan. He was one of the Agency’s lead coordinators on the ground for Operation Anaconda, the largest battle against al Qaeda in the campaign in Afghanistan. From 1998–1999, and again in 2000, he was detailed to the National Security Council, where he was director for the Balkans, and advised the National Security Advisor and the President on Balkans policy. Over the past decade he has been a leader in U.S. interventions in troubled areas: Kosovo (1999–2000); Bosnia (1995–1996); and Haiti (during the U.S. intervention, 1994–1995). Michael Hurley has held a range of management positions at CIA headquarters and served multiple tours of duty in Western Europe.

Law of Armed Conflict & International Law-Operational Law Panel

Hikmahanto Juwana, Dean, Faculty of Law, University of Indonesia

Hikmahanto Juwana is Dean of the University of Indonesia Faculty of Law, and a scholar of and advisor in economic and public international law to the Indonesian government. He studied law at the University of Indonesia (S.H. 1987), Keio University-Japan (LL.M. 1992) and the University of Nottingham-UK (Ph.D. 1997). While in private legal practice 1987–97, he also taught at several Indonesian universities. Since that time, while teaching fulltime at the University of Indonesia Faculty of Law he has simultaneously served the Republic of Indonesia as the Senior Legal Adviser to the Coordinating Minister for Economic Affairs, member of the Council of Experts at the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights, and adviser on specific matters to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In the specific area of armed conflict law, he was expert witness on command responsibility in the domestic war crimes trials relating to alleged human rights abuses arising out of East Timorese independence. He is a frequent public commentator on economic and public international law including human rights in the Indonesian and Southeast Asian media, and has published scholarly work in those same areas in English and Indonesian.

Dino Kritsiotis, Reader in Public International Law, University of Nottingham-UK

Dino Kritsiotis is Reader of Public International Law at the University of Nottingham, with specialised research interests in international law on the use of force and armed conflict, democracy, the United Nations, and the history and theory of international law. He studied law at University of Wales College of Cardiff (LL.B. 1991) and Cambridge University (LL.M. 1992).He was appointed Rapporteur of the I.L.A. (British Branch) Committee on Theory and International Law 1998–2001 and became Co-Rapporteur of the Project on Humanitarian Protection in Non-International Armed Conflicts of the San Remo International Institute on Humanitarian Law in January 1999. He is a frequent lecturer at the Warsaw Summer School on International Humanitarian Law co-sponsored by the Polish Red Cross and the International Committee of the Red Cross, and was one of the founding directors of the All Africa Course on International Humanitarian Law held for the first time at the Centre for Human Rights in the University of Pretoria in November 2001.Besides Nottingham, he has held visiting or permanent appointments in public international law at the University of Hull-UK, University of Capetown-South Africa, Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University and the University of Michigan.

George K. Walker, Professor of Law, Wake Forest University

George Walker teaches at Wake Forest University School of Law with a special scholarly interest in the law of armed conflict. He studied history and classics at the University of Alabama (B.A. 1960) and diplomatic history at Duke University (A.M. 1968), and law at Vanderbilt University (LL.B. 1966) and the University of Virginia (LL.M. 1972). Following law school he clerked for Judge John D. Butzner, Jr.of the US District Court in Richmond, Virginia and was in private practice at Hunton & Williams for three years. He was the Charles H. Stockton Professor of International Law at the US Naval War College 1992–93. He also is a Captain, United States Naval Reserve (retired) who qualified as a Surface Warfare Officer serving aboard destroyers on active duty and subsequently commanded several reserve units. He has held research fellowships at Duke University and Yale University and published widely in scholarly and military international law publications on the topic of armed conflict law.

Kevin H. Govern, Assistant Professor of Law, United States Military Academy (West Point)

Kevin H. Govern is a Lieutenant Colonel in the United States Army on active duty currently serving as a faculty member in the Department of Law at West Point. He studied history and German at Marquette University (B.A. 1984) and law at Marquette University (J.D. 1987), The Judge Advocate General’s School at Charlottesville, Virginia (LL.M. 1995) and University of Notre Dame (LL.M. 2004). He participates in the Barnes Symposium as military law practitioner addressing operational law and translating armed conflict law and policy into practice. During the period 1990–2003 he has served in a legal advisory capacity for the 10th Special Forces Group in the U.S. and Turkey, for the 1st Armored Division/Task Force Eagle in Bosnia, the Command Operations Review Board of the U.S. Special Operations Command at MacDill Air Force Base-Tampa, for the XVIII Airborne Corps at Fort Bragg-North Carolina, and for the U.S. Army Special Operations Command at Fort Bragg. He is a frequent speaker within the military’s special operations community and at professional military conferences on legal aspects of civil affairs and special operations. He has published in professional military and legal journals on the topics of counterterrorism, POW treatment and humanitarian assistance as well as legal oversight of sensitive activities.

Law of Armed Conflict & International Law-Legal Responsibility & National Views Panel

Brigitte Oederlin, Legal Department, International Committee of the Red Cross- Washington Delegation

Brigitte Oederlin is an expert in international humanitarian law. She studied law at the University of Geneva, Switzerland. Since January 2003, she has served as legal adviser of the Washington-based Regional Delegation of the International Committee of the Red Cross for United States and Canada. She previously served as detention coordinator in Israel, the Autonomous and the Occupied Territories (2000–02), and as legal adviser to the ICRC Operations for the Africa zone (1996 –2000). Between 1990 and 1993, she served in different positions in Mozambique (1992–93), Zimbabwe (1991–92) and in Sudan (1990–91). Between 1993 – 96, she trained in a law firm in Geneva and was a judicial clerk.

Miriam J. Aukerman, Soros Justice Fellow, Western Michigan Legal Services

Miriam Aukerman has pursued a domestic and international career in the area of civil rights and international justice, and currently works as a Soros Justice Fellow, Western Michigan Legal Services.She studied history at Cornell University (B.A. 1991), international relations at BalliolCollege, Oxford (M.Phil. 1993) and law at New York University (J.D. 2000), following which she clerked for Judge Pierre Leval in the US Court of Appeals, Second Circuit 2000-01.Her professional experience includes work at the Vera Institute of Justice on Eastern European police accountability programs1998-99, for the Russia and Eastern Europe Program of the Ford Foundation in New York and Moscow 1994-97, as a Bosch Foundation Fellow in the German Federal Foreign Ministry and Brandenburg Office for Foreigner and Refugee Affairs 1993–94, and as US Representative to the GULAG Museum in New York City and Perm, Russia 1997.She is particularly interested in national and international criminal justice and how its institutions work in different countries.

David K. Linnan, Associate Professor of Law, University of South Carolina

David Linnan is a scholar of comparative, economic and public international law with a special interest in the law of armed conflict. He studied humanities at Emory University (B.A. 1976) and law at the University of Chicago (J.D. 1979), where he was comment editor of the law review. He was in private law practice for six years in Los Angeles and has held research or visiting appointments at the University of Washington-Seattle, the Australian National University (RSPAS & Faculty of Law), the University of Indonesia Faculty of Law and Graduate Law Program (separately), and the Max-Planck-Institut (Strafrecht), Freiburg i.Br., Germany. 2000 to date he is the Program Director for the Law & Finance Institutional Partnership (http://www.lfip.org), a legal and financial sector reform project run from Jakarta via a consortium of Indonesian and foreign universities.